Hummus (Arabic: حُمُّص 'hoummos (help·info); Armenian translit: hamos; Greek: Χούμους; Hebrew: חומוס; also spelt as houmous (standard in UK), hommus, or humus) is
a dip made of chickpea paste with various additions, such as olive oil, fresh garlic, lemon juice, paprika, and tahini (sesame seed paste). It is popular throughout the Middle East, including in Israel, Lebanon, the Palestinian territories, Syria, Turkey, and in Armenia, Cyprus and Greece, though the hummus eaten in Greece, for example, is quite different from the hummus eaten in the Arab world and in Israel.
In Arabic, "Hummus" means simply chickpea. The dish described in this article is called "Hummus wa Tahina", i.e. chickpea and sesame, or "musabbaha".
It is traditionally scooped up with flatbread (pieces of pita) to be eaten, but it is increasingly popular as a dip for tortilla chips in non-Middle Eastern countries. It is a popular breakfast food, especially when combined with another dip named ful (pronounced /fuːl/), which is based on crushed fava beans. It is also used as an appetizer dish to accompany main courses, and as part of a mezze.
Hummus is relatively cheap to make with either dried or canned chickpeas. Dried chickpeas must be soaked in water overnight then simmered for an hour or more. The cooked or canned chickpeas are ground, using a food processor or hand blender, with olive oil, lemon juice, and tahini. A bit of the water in which the chickpeas were boiled may be added to reach the desired consistency. Garlic, salt, parsley, onions, cumin, and/or chili powder may be added. Peanut butter is occasionally substituted for tahini by Americans, but the taste of that mixture is quite different from traditional Middle-Eastern and European hummus.
It is a nutritious food, containing a large amount of protein, dietary fiber, monounsaturated fat, and iron, and is suitable for vegetarians and vegans. It is often garnished with mushrooms, parsley, paprika, pine nuts, tomatoes, cucumber, thinly-sliced onions, or more chickpeas, and then drizzled with olive oil before serving.
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